Nobel Prizes and Laureates 2008
1. Nobel Laureates - Yoichiro Nambu
Field - Physics
Contribution - Discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics
2. Nobel Laureates - Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa
Field - Physics
Contribution - discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the
existence of at least three families of quarks in nature.
3. Nobel Laureates - Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie and Roger Y. Tsien
Field - Chemistry
Contribution - Discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein.
4. Nobel Laureates - Harald zur Hausen
Field - Physiology or Medicine
Contribution - Discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer.
5. Nobel Laureates - Francoise Barre-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier
Field - Physiology or Medicine
Contribution - discovery of human immunodeficiency virus.
6. Nobel Laureates - Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio
Field - Literature
Contribution - author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy,
explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization.
7. Nobel Laureates - Martti Ahtisaari
Field - Peace
Contribution - Important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts.
8. The Sveriges Riksbank Prize - Paul Krugman
Field - Economic Sciences
Contribution - Analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity.