Nobel Prizes and Laureates 1978
1. Nobel Laureates - Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa
Field - Physics
Contribution - Basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics
2. Nobel Laureates - Arno Allan Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson
Field - Physics
Contribution - Discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation
3. Nobel Laureates - Peter D. Mitchell
Field - Chemistry
Contribution - Contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory.
4. Nobel Laureates - Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans and Hamilton O. Smith
Field - Physiology or Medicine
Contribution - Discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics
5. Nobel Laureates - Isaac Bashevis Singer
Field - Literature
Contribution - Impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life.
6. Nobel Laureates - Mohamed Anwar al-Sadat
Field - Peace
7. The Sveriges Riksbank Prize - Herbert A. Simon
Field - Economic Sciences
Contribution - Pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations.